NOAA Budget Request Looks Positive, Though Numbers Could Shift in Congress

Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office

Congress of the United States Congressional Budget Office

NOTES Unless otherwise indicated, all years referred to in Chapter I are calendar years and all years in Chapter II are fiscal years. "Growth during 1988" or "growth in 1988" means growth from the end of 1987 to the end of 1988 except where otherwise specified. "Growth between 1987 and 1988" means the percentage difference between the annual average levels in 1987 and 1988. Unemployment rates t...

Mid‐2000s North Atlantic shift: Heat budget and circulation changes

Prior to the 2000s, the North Atlantic was the basin showing the greatest warming. However, since the mid-2000s during the so-called global warming hiatus, large amounts of heat were transferred in this basin from upper to deeper levels while the dominance in terms of atmospheric heat capture moved into the Indo-Pacific. Here we show that a large transformation of modal waters in the eastern No...

On Positive Numbers U For

Let n be a positive integer n and let uj(n), 0 (n) 3 r (n) ? (n) and a(n) be the classical arithmetic functions of n. That is, cj(n), fi(n), and r(n) count the number of distinct prime divisors of n, the total number of prime divisors of n, and the number of divisors of n, respectively, while 4>(n) and a(n) are the Euler function of n and the sum of divisors function of n respectively. A lot...

Root Numbers and Ranks in Positive Characteristic

For a global fieldK and an elliptic curve Eη overK(T ), Silverman’s specialization theorem implies rank(Eη(K(T ))) ≤ rank(Et(K)) for all but finitely many t ∈ P(K). If this inequality is strict for all but finitely many t, the elliptic curve Eη is said to have elevated rank. All known examples of elevated rank for K = Q rest on the parity conjecture for elliptic curves over Q, and the examples ...